Masada






Vestigia Masadae


Masada est arx ab Herode Magno in ripa occidentali Asphaltitis lacus diligenter et magnis expensis munita[1] et cisternis aquarum omniumque rerum necessariarum copia instructa, tum, cum rex timebat ne Marcus Antonius, ipso de medio sublato, regnum suum Cleopatrae instanter roganti donaret[2]. Hanc rupem abruptam sibi elegit quo confugere et diuturnam obsidionem tolerare posset. Itaque magnificam regiam a septentrionali castelli latere adiunxit in qua ipse habitaret; cuius parietes picturis, sola vero tesselato opere ornavit.


Post centum annos Masada supremum refugium Iudaeorum a Romanis desciscentium fuit: haec enim anno 73 a legato Lucio Silva capta ultimum finem primo bello Iudaico imposuit. "Sicarii" hanc arcem a primo anno belli (66), trucidato Romanorum praesidio, occupabant[3] atque inde decurrere solebant ad circumiacentes fines vastandos[4]. Tum vero nihil aliud quam vacuis moenibus potiti sunt Romani: nam quae intra fuerant combusserunt zelotae rebelles atque se ipsos cum uxoribus et liberis ad unum occiderunt. Ita nongenta sexaginta corpora in ruinis Masadae eorum qui libertatem amittere nolebant velut in busto sunt sepulta.



Notae |




  1. ↑ Primum castellum tamen circa 150 a.C.n. a summo sacerdote Ionathan aedificatum erat: Flavius Iosephus, BI VII.285. Vestigia hodierna ad Herodiana tempora referuntur.


  2. ↑ Ibid. VII.300-303


  3. ↑ Ibid. II.408


  4. ↑ Ibid. IV.399-404 et 504-508.



Fontes |




  • Flavius Iosephus, libro septimo de Bello Iudaico 252-419
    • ̽libro quarto decimo Antiquitatum Iudaicarum 296, 358, 361-362, 396-397 necnon libro quinto decimo 184



  • Plinius libro quinto Naturalis Historiae 73



Si vis plura legere |



  • Mireille Hadas-Lebel, Massada : histoire et symbole, Parisiis, A. Michel, 1995 ISBN 2-226-07682-4

  • Ernestus Maria Laperrousaz, Trois hauts lieux de Judée : les palais-forteresses hérodiens de Massada et de l'Hérodium, le couvent essénien de Qoumrân et ses "Manuscrits de la mer Morte", Parisiis, 2001


  • Masada : the Yigael Yadin excavations 1963-1965 : final reports, Hierosolymis, Israel Exploration Society, 1989-2006 (septem volumina).

  • Jean-Michel Roddaz et Jean-Claude Golvin, Hérode : le roi architecte, Arelate, Actes Sud, 2014

  • Adolfus Schulten, Masada : Die Burg des Herodes und Die römischen Lager : mit einem Anhang : Beth-Ter, Lipsiae, 1933. Recensio critica

  • Yigael Yadin , Masada : Herod's fortress and the Zealot's last stand, London : Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1966
    • [Francogallica interpretatio] Masada, la dernière citadelle d'Israël, Parisiis : Hachette, 1967 Recensio critica





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